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Date: Fri, 4 Dec 92 10:01:31
From: Space Digest maintainer <digests@isu.isunet.edu>
Reply-To: Space-request@isu.isunet.edu
Subject: Space Digest V15 #505
To: Space Digest Readers
Precedence: bulk
Space Digest Fri, 4 Dec 92 Volume 15 : Issue 505
Today's Topics:
Pop in space
Shuttle downtime
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1992 11:51:40 GMT
From: Tor Houghton <torh@syma.sussex.ac.uk>
Subject: Pop in space
Newsgroups: sci.space
I don't know - didn't Coke or Pepsi device special cans for the Space
Shuttle crew? :)
Cheers,
Tor
--
----------------------------------------------------------------------
email: torh@cogs.susx.ac.uk "Then we will wonder if machines
will steal each others dreams."
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 4 Dec 92 09:01:49 EST
From: John Roberts <roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov>
Subject: Shuttle downtime
-From: prb@access.digex.com (Pat)
-Subject: Re: shuttle downtime
-Date: 3 Dec 92 19:04:39 GMT
-Organization: UDSI
-On the other hand. shortly after the STS 51-l loss, the new calculations
-indicated an expected loss rate of 1/25 for the shuttle fleet. in fact this
-was a major grounds for criticizing and stagerring SSF launches, and was a
-driver for looking at using HLV's to lift SSF.
That's the number I heard. Prior to Challenger, the NASA estimate was one in
hundreds - afterwards, NASA was under considerable pressure to come up with
a more accurate number.
-If the three year down, has helped push down this loss rate then i am all for it
-in fact, we are at flight 52 and no sign of blowing up one. if this means
-we have cut the loss rate, we are in good shape.
-Henry, you'd be the expert. has the expected loss rate of orbiters dropped
-due to the system improvements, or is it still sitting at 1/25?
The number calculated by NASA for the post-Challenger Shuttle system was
one orbiter loss per 78 flights. Truly didn't like to use that number, but
Goldin has used it several times lately, notably at the town meetings.
It appears that the greatest remaining risks are the SSME turbopumps (which
NASA would like to improve), and landing accidents. There are also many
risks of lesser magnitude.
It should be noted that the number relates to the entire launch *system*,
which includes the protocol for launch preparation and flight. By changing
the protocol (i.e. more vigorous testing of SRB joint seals and not launching
in cold weather), it's possible that the odds could have been improved to
better than one in 25 with the old hardware - I don't know how much of the
improvement is due to hardware changes. (I know that the SRB chambers are
now pressure tested to check the seals.)
Also, some of the more probable scenarios (such as a landing accident that
damages the orbiter beyond repair) would not necessarily kill the crew -
not really significant from an economic viewpoint, but survival of the
crew would be better from a public relations viewpoint.
I note that the estimate has not changed since the first post-Challenger
flight, during which time several new safety features have been implemented.
My guess would be that NASA wants to remain slightly conservative on the
estimate - they don't want to portray the Shuttle as being extremely
dangerous to use, but the "nightmare scenario" would be an analysis following
a future accident showing that the actual risk had been greater than the
claimed estimate.
There have been some relaxations in flight rules over the last few years.
The explanation given is that the rules were made extremely conservative
after Challenger, and they are being reviewed one at a time to determine
whether any of them were made more stringent than needed (the rules on
cross-winds for takeoff have been modified, for instance, partly as a
result of improved ability to modify the launch control parameters in
response to existing conditions).
Before the launch of STS-53, there was talk of a review (which has been
going on for a year or more) on whether the rule for the combination of
low temperature and ground wind speed at launch could be relaxed slightly.
It was stated that if no decision was reached, the old rule would continue
to apply for STS-53. Does anybody know whether a decision was reached?
(As it turned out, there was excessive frost buildup on the cryogenic
portions of the launcher at the beginning of the launch window, and the
launch team waited until the sun came up and melted/sublimed the excess
ice before proceeding with the launch. The SRB joints were apparently not the
main concern, as they are always electrically heated until a few seconds
before launch - the principle concern was chunks of ice breaking off and
damaging the orbiter tiles.)
John Roberts
roberts@cmr.ncsl.nist.gov
------------------------------
End of Space Digest Volume 15 : Issue 505
------------------------------